AD 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor after Domitian is assassinated.
324 – Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.
887 – Venetian Doge Pietro I Candiano dies in battle against the Narentines.
1066 – Norwegian king Harald Hardrada lands with Tostig Godwinson at the mouth of the Humber River and begins his invasion of England.
1180 – Philip Augustus becomes king of France.
1454 – Thirteen Years' War: In the Battle of Chojnice, the Polish army is defeated by the Teutonic knights.
1618 – The twelfth baktun in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar begins.
1679 – The Province of New Hampshire is separated from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1714 – George I arrives in Great Britain after becoming king on August 1st.
1739 – The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, whereby Austria cedes lands south of the Sava and Danube rivers to the Ottoman Empire.
1759 – French and Indian War: The Articles of Capitulation of Quebec are signed.
1793 – The first cornerstone of the United States Capitol is laid by George Washington.
1809 – The Royal Opera House in London opens.
1810 – First Government Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only during the Peninsular War in Spain, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
1812 – The 1812 Fire of Moscow dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from the Petrovsky Palace to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
1837 – Tiffany & Co. (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and Teddy Young in New York City. The store is called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
1838 – The Anti-Corn Law League is established by Richard Cobden.
1850 – The U.S. Congress passes the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
1851 – First publication of The New-York Daily Times, which later becomes The New York Times.
1870 – Old Faithful Geyser is observed and named by Henry D. Washburn.
1872 – King Oscar II accedes to the throne of Sweden–Norway.
1873 – The bank Jay Cooke & Company declares bankruptcy, contributing to the Panic of 1873
1879 – The Blackpool Illuminations are switched on for the first time.
1882 – The Pacific Stock Exchange opens.
1895 – The Atlanta Exposition Speech on race relations is delivered by Booker T. Washington.
1898 – The Fashoda Incident triggers the last war scare between Britain and France.
1906 – The 1906 Hong Kong typhoon kills an estimated 10,000 people.
1911 – Russian Premier Pyotr Stolypin is shot at the Kiev Opera House.
1914 – The Irish Home Rule Act becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
1919 – The Netherlands gives women the right to vote.
1919 – Fritz Pollard becomes the first African American to play professional football for a major team, the Akron Pros.
1922 – The Kingdom of Hungary is admitted to the League of Nations.
1927 – The Columbia Broadcasting System goes on the air.
1928 – Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro crossing of the English Channel.
1931 – The Mukden Incident gives Japan a pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.
1934 – The Soviet Union is admitted to the League of Nations.
1939 – World War II: The Polish government of Ignacy Mościcki flees to Romania.
1939 – World War II: The radio show Germany Calling begins transmitting Nazi propaganda.
1940 – World War II: The British liner SS City of Benares is sunk by German submarine U-48; those killed include 77 child refugees.
1943 – World War II: Adolf Hitler orders the deportation of Danish Jews.
1944 – World War II: The British submarine HMS Tradewind torpedoes Jun'yō Maru, killing 5,600, mostly slave labourers and POWs.
1945 – General Douglas MacArthur moves his command headquarters to Tokyo.
1947 – The National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency are established in the United States by the the National Security Act. It also establishes the Air Force as an equal partner of the Army and Navy.
1948 – Operation Polo is terminated after the Indian Army accepts the surrender of the army of Hyderabad.
1948 – Margaret Chase Smith of Maine becomes the first woman elected to the United States Senate without completing another senator's term.
1959 – Vanguard 3 is launched into Earth orbit.
1960 – Fidel Castro arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuban delegation to the United Nations.
1961 – U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in a airplane crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1961 – CONCACAF is established as the governing body for association football in North America, Central America and the Carribbean.
1962 – Burundi, Jamaica, Rwanda and Trinidad and Tobago are admitted to the United Nations.
1973 – The Bahamas, East Germany and West Germany are admitted to the United Nations.
1974 – Hurricane Fifi strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
1977 – Voyager I takes the first distant photograph of the Earth and the Moon together.
1980 – Soyuz 38 carries two cosmonauts (including one Cuban) to the Salyut 6 space station.
1981 – The Assemblée Nationale votes to abolish capital punishment in France.
1982 – The Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon comes to an end.
1984 – Joe Kittinger completes the first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
1988 – The 8888 Uprising in Myanmar comes to an end.
1990 – Liechtenstein becomes a member of the United Nations.
1992 – An explosion rocks Giant Mine at the height of a labor dispute, killing nine replacement workers in Yellowknife, Canada.
1997 – United States media magnate Ted Turner donates US$1 billion to the United Nations.
1997 – The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention is adopted.
2001 – The 2001 anthrax attacks begin.
2007 – Buddhist monks join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some call the Saffron Revolution.
2011 – The 2011 Sikkim earthquake is felt across northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and southern Tibet.
2014 – Scotland votes against independence from the United Kingdom, by 55% to 44%.
2015 – Two security personnel, 17 worshippers in a mosque, and 13 militants are killed during a Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan attack on a Pakistan Air Force base on the outskirts of Peshawar.
2016 – The 2016 Uri attack kills nineteen Indian Army soldiers and all four attackers.
